Live Events:
Sports
One practical reason for the use of multiple cameras in the World Cup Final, would be to cover all of the action. As the pitch is too big for one camera to cover it all, especially during the biggest stage of world football the play is very fast and will need loads of cameras to not only track the ball but also where it potentially could go.
A further practical reason for using multi-camera in this match, would be able to cut to any action that may happen unexpectedly, at 27:07 which denotes the camera cutting to a German player who has just got injured. This example connotes how an injury that no one saw because the audience was keeping up with the fast counter attack, the multiple camera was able to record both pieces of action and cut back to it. From an audience perspective being able to cut to the players expressions whilst they play in the biggest match of their careers allows us to connect more with them and really immerse ourselves in the event. Furthermore, by the camera cutting to various angles, eg close ups at throw-ins (22:21) then back into the wider angle keeps the audience entertained, if the camera was static in one place or had to constantly be moved, the audience would feel lost and disengaged with a big event.
An aesthetic purpose for multi-cameras would be what kinds of emotions that the broadcaster wants us to feel, at 2:14:14 which denotes a collision between opposition players resulting in a facial injury to the German player. The camera though, continuously cuts to 3 different angles, varying in close ups and mid shots of the action. Through the constant replays of the collision the camera seems to try and make us feel more intense and make the audience feel more anxious because of the constant fouls which are happening in a crucial part of the game. The camera then further extends these intense, 'nail biting' rushing emotions as at 2:14:57 the camera is in a close up of the player as he argues to the fourth official. It seems that the camera is trying to put the audience even more on an edge.
Another aesthetic purpose would be to continuously keep the audience engaged, which can be seen at 1:19:42 which denotes a foul in the center of the pitch. Whilst the game is not in the most exciting time period the camera instantly cuts into mid-shot of the player receiving a yellow card, perhaps what is more significant is the highlights which are constantly showing the severity of the foul from different camera angles accompanied by the slow motion, which seems to try and get the audience more aggravated and excited as the audience now perceive the tackle more sever then it really was.
In terms of cost, of course it is expensive to have many cameras, but as that does create a more aesthetically pleasing watch, the money would easily be made back through sponsors as they will pay more because there is such a vast amount of people watching. However the limitations happen when the camera is focused on action that the audience don't want to see, at 1:05:04, the camera fades to Christ the redeemer in the sun set, which whilst it does remind everyone of the location we are in. Equally the audience do want to keep their eyes on the action instead of looking at some amazing scenery and as a result we missed an Argentinian attack which could have potentially became a goal.
A further practical reason for using multi-camera in this match, would be able to cut to any action that may happen unexpectedly, at 27:07 which denotes the camera cutting to a German player who has just got injured. This example connotes how an injury that no one saw because the audience was keeping up with the fast counter attack, the multiple camera was able to record both pieces of action and cut back to it. From an audience perspective being able to cut to the players expressions whilst they play in the biggest match of their careers allows us to connect more with them and really immerse ourselves in the event. Furthermore, by the camera cutting to various angles, eg close ups at throw-ins (22:21) then back into the wider angle keeps the audience entertained, if the camera was static in one place or had to constantly be moved, the audience would feel lost and disengaged with a big event.
An aesthetic purpose for multi-cameras would be what kinds of emotions that the broadcaster wants us to feel, at 2:14:14 which denotes a collision between opposition players resulting in a facial injury to the German player. The camera though, continuously cuts to 3 different angles, varying in close ups and mid shots of the action. Through the constant replays of the collision the camera seems to try and make us feel more intense and make the audience feel more anxious because of the constant fouls which are happening in a crucial part of the game. The camera then further extends these intense, 'nail biting' rushing emotions as at 2:14:57 the camera is in a close up of the player as he argues to the fourth official. It seems that the camera is trying to put the audience even more on an edge.
Another aesthetic purpose would be to continuously keep the audience engaged, which can be seen at 1:19:42 which denotes a foul in the center of the pitch. Whilst the game is not in the most exciting time period the camera instantly cuts into mid-shot of the player receiving a yellow card, perhaps what is more significant is the highlights which are constantly showing the severity of the foul from different camera angles accompanied by the slow motion, which seems to try and get the audience more aggravated and excited as the audience now perceive the tackle more sever then it really was.
In terms of cost, of course it is expensive to have many cameras, but as that does create a more aesthetically pleasing watch, the money would easily be made back through sponsors as they will pay more because there is such a vast amount of people watching. However the limitations happen when the camera is focused on action that the audience don't want to see, at 1:05:04, the camera fades to Christ the redeemer in the sun set, which whilst it does remind everyone of the location we are in. Equally the audience do want to keep their eyes on the action instead of looking at some amazing scenery and as a result we missed an Argentinian attack which could have potentially became a goal.
Concert
One practical reason for multiple cameras in a concert event, would stem from the constraints of the studio/arena. Adele performs in an arena and at 0:05 which denotes the camera on a crane swooping around, which shows us the vast size of the concert with what seems like a little stage in comparison for Adele. The high angle track shot not only connotes how big the arena is but also illustrates that one camera wouldn't be possible to capture everything. Of course a single camera can record her performance but at 1:27 which denotes the camera cutting out of a side on close up and into a straight on, extreme long shot allows us to see the fans enjoying her performance and just gives us more to watch rather then the camera constantly focused on her.
Similarly building from the first reason, multiple cameras have allowed us to see the full production of the performance at 3:17 the camera is positioned in a long shot, which denotes various big screens behind her. This allows us to not only watch Adele sing but to be kept engaged with the high production for such an event.
Aesthetically it seems that the use of multi-camera techniques have been able to portray a certain mode of address. At 1:11 the camera denotes a low angled long shot which then cuts into a sliding track shot behind the audience. It seems that whilst the song is slow as well as Adele holding the notes, the camera emulates her, as it is constantly moving slowly but the shot held for a long period of time.
Another aesthetic purpose for the multiple cameras, can be to simply to maintaining the audience interest. At 1:40 the camera cuts to a high angle extreme long shot on a crane that swoops around, whilst the song is still slow the camera continues to constantly cut in to these cinematic shots to make the performance seem more pretty and more interesting.
One limitation would stem from not seeing the performance clearly, during the more cinematic long shot were it tracks round the back of the audience, the shot seems disengaging. As the focus is no longer sole on Adele and doesn't show the live audiences reaction either, it seems like it is just in place to make the production value seem higher.
Similarly building from the first reason, multiple cameras have allowed us to see the full production of the performance at 3:17 the camera is positioned in a long shot, which denotes various big screens behind her. This allows us to not only watch Adele sing but to be kept engaged with the high production for such an event.
Aesthetically it seems that the use of multi-camera techniques have been able to portray a certain mode of address. At 1:11 the camera denotes a low angled long shot which then cuts into a sliding track shot behind the audience. It seems that whilst the song is slow as well as Adele holding the notes, the camera emulates her, as it is constantly moving slowly but the shot held for a long period of time.
Another aesthetic purpose for the multiple cameras, can be to simply to maintaining the audience interest. At 1:40 the camera cuts to a high angle extreme long shot on a crane that swoops around, whilst the song is still slow the camera continues to constantly cut in to these cinematic shots to make the performance seem more pretty and more interesting.
One limitation would stem from not seeing the performance clearly, during the more cinematic long shot were it tracks round the back of the audience, the shot seems disengaging. As the focus is no longer sole on Adele and doesn't show the live audiences reaction either, it seems like it is just in place to make the production value seem higher.
Public Events
Practically, the use of multiple cameras in a public event like mine would be to cover all of the event. At 2:49 we see the camera fade into a crane shot very high up to show the road lined with members of the public. The cameras are really able connote to the audience just how many people have come to respect Princess diana at her funeral.
Another practical reason to have multiple cameras during this public event would be to record multiple things at the same time and cut to various things. We see at 4:47 the camera cuts to the outside of Westminster abbey to show invited guests arriving for the funeral. Whilst the camera can also show us the outside of Westminster abbey it has also been able to cut to the public waiting for the cars to drive through.
An aesthetic purpose for multiple cameras would be to connote the mode of address to the audience. At 2:57 the camera is in a high angle straight on waiting for the ceremony to start. The camera is in a very neutral position and with faded transitions, it creates a very formal and subdued atmosphere.
Similarly multiple cameras have communicated this meaning to the audience, this sense of seriousness. A 2:14 the camera fades into a high angle long shot of the road filled with members of the public. The use of the formality within these camera shots have enabled a sad, bereaved meaning in the best possible way.
Perhaps a limitation in itself is the formality. Of course there is no fun and easy way to broadcast such an event, but the majority of the camera focuses on the publics reactions which almost seem obvious. Everyone is there to pay their respects so why does the audience that are watching on TV need to constantly reminded of that.
Another practical reason to have multiple cameras during this public event would be to record multiple things at the same time and cut to various things. We see at 4:47 the camera cuts to the outside of Westminster abbey to show invited guests arriving for the funeral. Whilst the camera can also show us the outside of Westminster abbey it has also been able to cut to the public waiting for the cars to drive through.
An aesthetic purpose for multiple cameras would be to connote the mode of address to the audience. At 2:57 the camera is in a high angle straight on waiting for the ceremony to start. The camera is in a very neutral position and with faded transitions, it creates a very formal and subdued atmosphere.
Similarly multiple cameras have communicated this meaning to the audience, this sense of seriousness. A 2:14 the camera fades into a high angle long shot of the road filled with members of the public. The use of the formality within these camera shots have enabled a sad, bereaved meaning in the best possible way.
Perhaps a limitation in itself is the formality. Of course there is no fun and easy way to broadcast such an event, but the majority of the camera focuses on the publics reactions which almost seem obvious. Everyone is there to pay their respects so why does the audience that are watching on TV need to constantly reminded of that.
Studio Productions:
Games Shows
One practical reason for multiple cameras on a game show would be to record multiple things at once especially with an obstacle course based game show where celebrities may fall comically & spontaneously. At 32:02 the camera cuts to a high angle long shot of one contestant falling, the camera was able to spontaneously cut to this comical moment as she completely missed the swinging arm.
Another practical reason for multiple cameras would be to simply cover all of the action. At 31:00 we see a wide angle extreme long shot of all the contestants and the game they will be playing. This shot represents how whilst the action will be very compacted in one area, there will be a lot of it and multiple cameras would make sure that we can see all of the action and all of the comical moments.
Another practical reason for multiple cameras would be to simply cover all of the action. At 31:00 we see a wide angle extreme long shot of all the contestants and the game they will be playing. This shot represents how whilst the action will be very compacted in one area, there will be a lot of it and multiple cameras would make sure that we can see all of the action and all of the comical moments.
One aesthetic reason would be to maintain a comical effect through the camera language, at 8:40 the various high angle shots paired with close ups of the contestants face and struggle. Both connote his pain and efforts rolling around in the mud, but they also create this humorous effect as the camera moves with him as well as he is constantly isn't in center framing.
By using multiple cameras the audience will constantly be entertained by the quick pace editing and cuts. At 9:00 there was a wide angle track as he attempts the next part of the obstacle course, but the camera was able to move closer in slow motion during the replay. So that the audience could really laugh at his fall, thus being entertained.
A limitation to the multiple cameras during the game show is the fact that so much is happening all at once. at 31:57 where we see a contestant falling off, in a closer tracking shot. for that 20 seconds we are solely focused on him and of course the humour is created in the fall, but what about another contestant that is making an attempt whilst he is falling. Perhaps the director and vision mixer have too much choice and leave out things that the audience would actually want to see.
Chat Shows
A practical reason for the use of multiple cameras during a chat show would be to record things simultaneously. At 3:22 due to the multiple cameras, the vision mixer has been able to split the screen in half, so that the audience can see both Ellen's actions and Emilia Clarke's. If this was shot on a single camera, then we would be stuck with a stationary, 2 shot which would only portray half the action and emotion of host and guest.
A secondary practical reason would be to cover all of the action and talking throughout the interview segment. At 0:06 the vision mixer has cut from a mid shot of Ellen to a mid shot of Emilia Clarke. This simple cut just connotes a smooth flow through the interview and makes the show more professional to the audience. Of course trying to do this with a single camera would either have to be a constant 2 shot or would have to constantly be moving, both do not illustrate an engaging professional show.
Moreover, an aesthetic reason for using multi-camera techniques would illustrate a certain style for the show. At 0:48 the camera cuts from a long shot to a mid shot into Ellen, then moves into a mid shot of Emilia Clarke. At this point of the show, the camera connotes to us that it is more formal and more of a conventional interview. Of course there are points in the show where the camera becomes more dynamic and exciting but at this point it is more of a formality.
Another aesthetic reason would include be to just maintain the viewers interest, at 0:26 which cuts to a long shot slightly on a higher angle, to show the big screen behind Ellen & Emilia Clarke of scenes that she is playing. Whilst this interview could have been done with a single camera which would have been disengaging, as well as using multiple cameras but constantly cutting between host & guest. By having a wider longer shot it just adds a bit more for the audience to watch, it adds some context to the conversation and gives the audience a visual aid to look at as opposed to just the two women.
Magazine Shows
Some practical reasons for the multiple cameras during a magazine show such as Soccer AM would be to exhibit everything within the studio, at 0:06 where we are able to see Danny Dyer's introduction to the show. Through the use of multiple cameras we ware able to see it all happen and then cut into the more conventional interview style. The practicality of the multiple cameras means that in a show where the style is very comical & relaxed, it is still able to be kept professional.
One other practical reason would be to simultaneously record events to which the vision mixer can cut back to. At 0:32 the vision mixer could cut back to a mess left on the floor from a previous segment in the show, as danny dyer highlights it, the audience was able to see both Dyers reaction and some of the crew cleaning it up. This continues to connote the style of the show, it adds some humor which is a big element to the show.
One aesthetic reason would be the representation of Danny Dyer himself, as he is portrayed as a more 'typical east Londoner' the camera tries to match this. At 1:18 the camera is in a mid shot focused on Dyer which is close enough to portray his character & personality but it is just distant enough so that the camera can still capture his movement.
Furthermore, the multiple cameras at 1:15 during the long tracking shot, whilst could seem like a mistake as the camera is not in the correct position, it still adds to the components of the show. As the audience perceive it as just another humorous 'silly' moment when there is a serious character on the show in Danny Dyer.
Talent Shows
A practical reason for the use of multiple cameras during a Talent show would stem from the size of the studio and staging area. At 2:18 the vision mixer cuts to an extreme long shot as the dog performs a trick in the air, and will then cut back in to a closer shot, to keep the focus on the dog. From a practical focus, the multiple cameras have been able to dynamically exhibit all of the action for the audience. Of course this whole performance could have been done with a single camera but that would have only illustrated it in an extreme long shot which would not interest the audience as much.
Furthermore the multiple cameras have been able to record the judges reactions simultaneously, so the vision mixer can cut to the extreme facial expression of the judges. At 2;42 which denotes a mid shot of Simon Cowell as he is shocked by the on stage performance. The Vision mixer is given a choice, and with a single camera being able to show both the performance and the reactions in such quick timing would not be possible.
However, an aesthetic reason would include the certain representation that is being created about the contestants. During the beginning of the performance the majority of the camera was constantly focused on the dog, at 2:08 where the vision mixer has cut into yet another close up of the dog. It provides a certain comical & humorous representation for the contestant which ultimately adds more excitement and engagement to the audience.
Furthermore, at 2:33 which portrays a close up of the dog walking across the rope, which adds extra excitement for the audience to see the concentration & focus on the dogs face. Whilst that whole trick could have been shot in either a long shot or a close up, a mixture of both with some different angles adds to build up & anxiety to whether he will complete such a dangerous trick.
Perhaps at times multiple cameras are their own 'worst enemy' the director and the vision mixer obviously take full advantage to use the cameras to create the humorous effect but perhaps the audience would rather watch the dog do the amazing tight rope walk in a single shot and be amazed rather then be flustered with different angles (2:35).
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